biplane
From Inventing aviation
The biplane, with its two parallel wings separated by struts, is more easily braced and proportionately stronger. The lift is also greater, due to the additional wing surface. The vacuum made over the lower wing is interfered with by the upper plane, and thus neutralizes somewhat the lifting and flying efficiency of the upper wing. Since a plane must reverse all its stresses when looping, the double supports of the biplane make it less susceptible to doubling up and falling. These are some of the reasons for the popularity of the biplane.[1]
The two parallel airfoils can be "staggered" — with the above surface forward, rather than directly above the lower plane. In this configuration, the upper surface "is removed from the area of action of the lower aerofoil and engages undisturbed air."[2]
| Enclosing categories | airplane |
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| Subcategories | |
| Keywords | airfoil |
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- Patent DE-1914-330779 (English title: Biplane, or conceivably triplane . . ., Inventors: Rumpler-Werke G.m.b.H. in Berlin-Johannisthal)
- Patent US-1885-320042 (English title: Apparatus for effecting aerial navigation, Inventors: Frederick William Brearey)
- Patent GB-1897-15221 (English title: Means and appliances for effecting Aerial Navigation, Inventors: Octave Chanute • Augustus Moore Herring)
- Patent GB-1904-6732 (Inventors: Orville Wright • Wilbur Wright)
- Patent FR-1907-373818 (English title: Airplane, overall design inclusive of all elements of lift and stability, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie)
- Patent FR-1908-387175 (English title: Mixed airplane, Inventors: Louis Bréguet)
- Patent FR-1908-384124 (English title: Aeronautic machines, Inventors: Wilbur Wright • Orville Wright)
- Patent FR-1909-402764 (English title: Biplane "Cas B")
- Patent FR-1909-402649 (English title: Elaborately well-conceived biplane, twin-propped as well, and aerodynamically designed on the principle of three parabolic arcs, Inventors: Jules Raclot • Camille Enderlin)
- Patent HU-1909-Eduard Penkala 10 December (English title: Biplane with an emphasis on rudder specifics in the interests of steering and stability, Inventors: Eduard Penkala)
- Patent GB-1910-11779 (English title: Aeroplanes, Inventors: Herbert Malcolm McNeill)
- Patent US-1910-971235 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Maurice Ackerman)
- Patent FR-1910-417757 (English title: Biplane aeroplane, Inventors: Lazare I. Finchelstein)
- Patent FR-1910-415407 (English title: Biplane with an emphasis on rudder specifics in the interests of steering and stability, Inventors: Eduard Penkala)
- Patent FR-1911-424505 (English title: Wing support system allowing the same fuselage to be applied to either a monoplane or a biplane, Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie)
- Patent GB-1911-17776 (English title: Improvements in aeroplanes, Inventors: Armand Alvarez Penteado)
- Patent US-1911-992410 (English title: Aerodrome, Inventors: Edward J. Elsas)
- Patent US-1911-984311 (English title: Aerial machine, Inventors: Robert W. Stewart)
- Patent US-1911-1012836 (English title: Aerial machine, Inventors: Johan Richard Froberg)
- Patent FR-1911-420981 (English title: System of construction of both monoplane and biplane chassis, etc., Inventors: Robert Esnault-Pelterie)
- Patent US-1911-991846 (English title: Flying machine, Inventors: Otto Haselau)
- Patent US-1911-988113 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: Charles Kramer)
- Patent US-1912-1013840 (English title: Flying-Machine, Inventors: William G. Hamilton)
- Patent FR-1912-444010 (English title: monoplane that transforms into biplane during descent, Inventors: George Boginoff)
- Patent US-1912-1016363 (English title: Means for maintaining equilibrium of airships and the like, Inventors: John L. Roche)
- Patent US-1913-1065799 (English title: Aeroplane, Inventors: Ambroise Goupy)
- Patent BE-1913-259104 (English title: Improvements to airplanes, Inventors: Jean-Baptiste-Alexis Henrion • René-Alcide-Onesime Henrion)
- Patent DE-1915-326209 (English title: Bracing for the sub-ceilings of biplanes and planes with more more than two pairs of wings)
- Patent FR-1915-475769 (English title: Improvements to airplanes, Inventors: Jean-Baptiste-Alexis Henrion • René-Alcide-Onesime Henrion)
- Patent FR-1915-476681 (English title: Airplane of multiple levels(or wings) in which each level(or set of wings) works independently, Inventors: Alexandre Bezobrazoff)
- Patent DE-1916-324904 (English title: Biplane, or aircraft with two, or more, pairs of wings)
- Patent DE-1917-321028 (English title: Biplane)
- Patent DE-1917-321072 (English title: Mounting of the suspension cable on aircraft fuselage)
- Patent DE-1917-319965 (English title: Connection between sub-areas and hull)
- Patent DE-1917-332426 (English title: Biplane, or conceivably triplane . . ., Inventors: Rumpler-Werke G.m.b.H. in Berlin-Johannisthal)
- Patent DE-1918-323410 (English title: Aircraft engines with two propellers, Inventors: Rumpler-Werke A.-G. in Berlin-Johannisthal)
- Patent GB-1917-121990 (English title: Airplanes, Inventors: Joshua Gaskill Jackson)
- Patent GB-1918-128724 (English title: Improvements to aeroplanes, Inventors: Louis Raymond Accornero • Adolphe Gaydon)
References
- ↑ David, 1919, Aircraft, p. 29.
- ↑ White, 1918, Practical Aviation, p. 10.
